Claim |
Truth |
Ruptures:- It is likely that, in time, all vasectomized men develop blowouts in either the epididymis or efferent ducts. This rupturing can occur spontaneously at any time following vasectomy, and often when the epididymis is under pressure, such as when a man is ejaculating.
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Apparently this is attributed to Campbell's Urology. This particular text book is available at a list price of $450. Are you going to pay $450 to check this quote? Did he? If it was true, then Campbell WOULD be quoting from a published study. All published studies are available from the National Library of Medicine. There are NO studies available from the National Library of Medicine online to corroborate this claim. After all, the book he's quoting from comes in at $450 - who is going to pay that to check? There are figures available for congestive epididymitis and spermatic granuloma. The only statistic I've been able to come across that quotes an incidence rate is in Christiansen & Sandlow (2003)2, and the figures they in turn quote from (Shapiro & Silber, 1979) don't look at general incidence, but is a study comparing two different vasectomy techniques with no mention of blowouts! This claim is either taken completely out of context, re-written or made up. |
Autoimmune responses:- The autoimmune response that follows vasectomy has also been linked to an increase in the incidence of numerous diseases by dozens of studies. These diseases include testicular dysfunction and hormonal imbalances, recurrent infections, various forms of cancer, and other immune system deficiencies. |
Er - no. In fact the OPPOSITE is true. Whilst many studies have looked at various potential problems and associations, the mere fact of looking at something doesn't make it a truth. In 2000, Schwingle & Guess published a peer review of literature published between 1965 and 1998.1 NONE of the conditions opposite are named by this review as being associated with vasectomy. |
In three men out of five or more, chronic inflammation leads to the formation of a sperm granuloma at the rupture site, which may need to be removed surgically to alleviate painful symptoms. Other types of cysts often form in the epididymis and/or the scrotum including spermatoceles and hydroceles, which may also require further treatment or lead to other problems. |
No mention is made of where the "three out of five or more" is actually quoted from. Whilst it's true that some 15% - 40%1 of men that have a vasectomy will develop a sperm granuloma, they are small and asymptomatic1 and only painful in 2%-3% of patients.1
There isn't any evidence that supports the idea of vasectomy promoting other cysts. Whilst incidence rates have been looked at, merely looking at them doesn't make them true, as in fact they are not. |
Pain and Injury:- Problems during the procedure itself often cause damage to testicular blood and nerve supplies, and also commonly cause damage to delicate lymph vessels.
| The author quotes no source for the claim of damage to blood and nerve supplies, or lymph vessel damage. Nor is there any evidence to be found in the National Library of medicine to back up this claim. |
In surveys that asked patients about their post-vasectomy experience, up to a third of vasectomized men complained of chronic testicular pain. |
"In surveys..." is not correct. The author refers to one specific study3. It was a telephone study with 56 men claiming testicular discomfort - not pain. More than half of the men said that the discomfort was "Not troublesome". Only 9 of the 56 bothered to go to the doctor about the problem, and only 1.7% of the study subjects regretted having a vasectomy because of pain.
It has to be said that the results are very contradictory, and show mainly that the study's methodology was consequently seriously flawed. Chronic pain is troublesome - period. You can't have chronic pain that isn't. Also, it's likely that if the pain was troublesome, most men would report it, yet most didn't. Most men with chronic pain would regret the decision, but most didn't. The survey chosen is small scale, and the findings are in sharp contrast to larger studies with better methodology. |
When this pain is more severe, doctors will often recommend further surgery, up to and including complete removal of the testicle(s) and spermatic cord(s) to alleviate the pain. Sometimes further surgery works, and sometimes it doesn't. |
Oddly enough the claim that you will have your testicles removed as a primary treatment method is simply nonsense. There are no published studies that look into the effectiveness of castration as a cure for post-vasectomy pain syndrome. There are studies into the effectiveness of other surgical treatments though. In most cases the problem resolves itself after conservative treatment with antibiotics and pain killers. Surgical treatments and the success rates are as follows:-
Microsurgical denervation "..results in reliable and reproducible excellent therapeutic success rates of 96% and should be integrated in the management of CTP at an early stage."4
- Vasectomy reversal "Postoperatively 69% of men became completely pain-free."5
- Epididymectomy (removal of epididymus). "Of the 16 patients, 14 had excellent initial symptomatic benefit from epididymectomy. At 3-8 years afterward, nine of 10 patients interviewed had a sustained improvement of their scrotal pain."6
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Claimed association |
Status |
Adrenal gland dysfunction |
False. No human studies available on the National Library of Medicine site for the search "vasectomy + adrenal gland" that indicate any connection. No mention in 1,7 or Harvard Medical School review 9. |
Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries leading to heart disease) |
False7. This claim is based on some studies into monkeys given a vasectomy and then fed a heart-attack inducing diet. Human studies have found no risk factor.10 |
Autoimmune orchitis (degeneration of testicular tissues due to antibody action) |
This list is very good at mentioning the same condition several times under different names! Medterms.com defines Orchitis as "Inflammation of the testis. There are many causes of inflammation of the testis including infections, diseases, or injury." It DOES NOT describe it as degeneration of testicular tissues due to antibody action. Schwingle & Guess state that "Infections in the genital tract such as orchitis or STD's increase the risk of autoimmune antibodies." The RCOG7 state that Orchitis is one of the few conditions that increases incidence of hospitalisation. Bottom line is that we are allergic to our own sperm, and vasectomy DOES cause swelling. It's possible that the swelling may be due to an immunological reaction on rare occasions. Degeneration of testicular tissues is a false claim, and is not associated with orchitis - a separate disease. |
Chronic inflammation including the formation of sperm granulomas |
He probably means Orchitis here again. Sperm granuloma's is a separate subject and covered later in the list. |
Chronic testicular pain (Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome) |
Nobody denies that there is a small percentage of men who suffer chronic testicular pain after vasectomy. The RCOG guidelines7 state that all men considering vasectomy should be informed of the possibility. However, what the guidelines (unusually) DON'T do is to quote incidence rates. The reason being that the incidence rate is very small, and there is a vast dispute as to what medically constitutes ctp. The purpose of the guidelines is to analyse the evidence and present potential patients with the medical facts. The medical fact is that it does happen, but is rare, and the evidence is individual case reports due to the lack of numbers of men with the condition1. |
Circulatory problems including phlebitis |
False. Not mentioned in1, 7 ,9, nor any mention of a connection doing a search for studies at the National Library of Medicine |
Congestive and infectious epididymitis |
Well, I think we have to separate this into two topics. The term "Infectious epididymitis + vasectomy" is found on Google in dontfixit.org, and quiverfull.com. The same search at the National library of medicine search brings up documents with the words vasectomy, epididymitis and infection in a small number of documents, but the terms are unrelated. Congestive epididymitis is a documented fact. Schwingle & Guess review1 looks at a number of studies and puts the risk at between 0.4% and 6.1% depending on procedure type and method of occlusion. It points out that it's usually treated with antibiotics and analgesics. |
Decreased testicular function including changes in testosterone production |
False. "Studies have pursued the question of whether vasectomy changes testicular hormone production and endocrine function. These studies indicate that mean levels of FSH, LH, Testosterone and Estradiol are within the normal ranges post vasectomy"1 The RCOG7 don't even mention it, and Harvard Medical School9 points out that "testosterone levels remain higher for a longer period in men who have had a vasectomy." |
Diabetes |
False. Not mentioned by1,7,9. The World Health Organisation11 only mentions that sufferers of diabetes may require extra precautions such as having the procedure done in hospital. HJ Roberts, who has a string of books warning about the dangers of vasectomy (who dontfixit.org's webmaster regards as an authoritative source) doesn't mention that vasectomy causes diabetes - merely that in his opinion men who suffer from diabetes may have more problems post vasectomy12 - a claim not borne out by any research. |
Erectile dysfunction/impotence |
This is a popular theme of dontfixit.org and the religious anti-vas brigades. However, it represents a distortion of the truth. Harvard Medical School9 has the best explanation of this condition in relationship to vasectomy under the heading "Negative Psychological Effects":- "A small percentage of couples experience serious difficulties with the adjustment. Their emotional distress most often manifests itself in sexual dysfunction, such as impotence, premature ejaculation, or painful intercourse. In such cases,
however, the vasectomy is probably the catalyst but not the cause of such extreme reactions. Studies have indicated that men who experience impotence after vasectomy are more likely to have female partners who are unable to accept the operation.". |
Gangrene of the scrotum and other serious infections |
False. Gangrene is not an infection - it's the decaying of dead tissue. This claim is based purely on the fact there is a study that documents two cases of Fourniere's gangrene in Malawi, east Africa.13 |
Generalized lymph node enlargement |
False. Not mentioned by1,7,9. There are some studies into immune responses in rats whereby some enlargement was noted, but humans studies have not repeated this with the exception of individual case histories. |
Hypoglycemia |
False. The only reference to this in National Library of medicine is one article published in a 1968 journal by HJ Roberts (see Diabetes above). |
Life-long autoimmune (allergic) responses |
Whilst it's true that vasectomy raises the detectable level of antisperm antibodies in some men, the only issue this may cause is the possibility that vasectomy reversal (whilst restoring sperm flow) may not produce offspring in a limited number of cases.1 "Increases in circulating immune complexes (CICs) occur after vasectomy, but these progressively disappear after
the third month postsurgery"1 |
Liver dysfunction |
False. Both human and animal studies confirm that vasectomy has no effect on liver function. Nor is it mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. |
Loss of libido |
The list repeats itself yet again! See Erectile dysfunction/impotence above. |
Lung cancer |
False. Not mentioned by7, 9 & 11. Schwingle & Guess1 point to one contradictory study that found men with vasectomy live longer than unvasectomised men, and points to an apparent rise in the rate of lung cancer in the cohort that it felt was due to chance as this finding has not been repeated elsewhere. |
Lupus |
False. The Lupus foundation of America describes Lupus as "A chronic inflammatory disease that can affect various parts of the body, especially the skin, joints, blood, and kidneys." They do not list vasectomy as a possible risk factor at all, nor are there any documents whatsoever in the National Library of medicine that indicate any research has even been done into a possible link. |
Migraine and other related headaches |
False. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. Nor are there any studies available from the National Library of medicine that indicate an potential link. |
Multiple myeloma |
False. The website www.multiplemyeloma.org defines the condition as "a cancer of the plasma cell. An incurable but treatable disease.". No mention of vasectomy being associated with it. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. Nor are there any studies available from the National Library of medicine that indicate a potential link. |
Multiple sclerosis |
False. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. There is only one study14 listed by the National Library of medicine, and that categorically states that vasectomized men are not likely candidates for Multiple Sclerosis. |
Narcolepsy |
False. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. No studies whatsoever found at the National Library of medicine. |
Neuropathy (nerve pain and damage) |
Nerve damage is a possibility in any surgery. However, it's not common. Harvard Medical School9 in discussing the causes of chronic pain mention trapped nerves as a possibility. Christiansen & Sandlow2 also mention trapped nerves as a possible cause for CTP, and also state that "In patients with a history of spermatic cord manipulation such as inguinal hernia repair, the possibility of nerve injury is increased." |
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
False. Cancer Research UK, nor any other cancer organisations quotes vasectomy as a cause of NHL. Nor are there any studies at the National Library of Medicine to suggest there is a possibility of a link. |
Personality disturbances |
Yet again the list repeats itself. Some men do suffer a negative psychological reaction to vasectomy. I guess this fact is what he refers to here. This factor is not unknown, and a few studies over the years have found that this is very minimal in men who don't make the decision under pressure, don't make a rushed decision, do the research so they know what they are getting into, and are in agreement with their partners on the issue of vasectomy. Also, marital difficulties can lead to dissatisfaction with vasectomy. |
Prostate cancer |
False.1,7,8 The World Health Authority has convened research into this question, and have long since discarded the idea there is a risk. Also, the major cancer organisations such as Cancer Society of America, Cancer Research UK do not consider vasectomy linked to prostate cancer risk or incidence. "Overall, the weight of the evidence suggests that there is no association between vasectomy and prostate cancer."1 Click here for a well researched article about the prostate cancer and vasectomy scare. |
Prostatitis |
False. Wikipedia says that "Prostatitis is any form of inflammation of the prostate gland. Prostatitis may account for up to 25 percent of all office visits by young and middle-age men for complaints involving the genital and urinary systems." The leading website on prostatitis, prostatitis.org does not list vasectomy as a cause of prostatitis, but has a forum page whereby some posters make this claim. |
Pulmonary embolism |
False. "Apart from 1 study in primates, there is no evidence that vasectomy should be considered either indicated or contraindicated for coronary patients".15 see Atherosclerosis above. |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
False. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. No studies found at the National Library of medicine to indicate a connection. |
Scrotal and epididymal cyst formation including Spermatocele and Hydrocele cysts |
False. There isn't any evidence that vasectomy causes these type of cysts to develop1, 7, 9 & 11. However, there are studies at the National Library of Medicine that look at the dangers of puncturing pre-existing cysts during the procedure. |
Staph infections including infections of the heart valves |
False. Not mentioned by1, 7, 9 & 11. No studies found at the National Library of medicine to indicate a connection. |
Testicular atrophy (shrinking of the testicles) |
This one is a favourite argument of the anti-vas brigade:- "Have a vasectomy and your balls shrink". Obviously it's false. For the testicles to atrophy, the blood supply would need to be cut. Clearly that doesn't happen except in cases of severely bad surgery. There are two studies by the same team at the Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain that indicate there are some morphological changes post vasectomy at the cellular level, but your balls certainly do not shrink. |
Testicular cancer |
False 1,7. As with prostate cancer, the organisations that know about cancer such as Cancer Research UK and the equivalent bodies in the US and the rest of the word can find no connection between testicular cancer and vasectomy. "The record linkage study by Moller et al. (97) and the case control study by the United Kingdom Group (119), the
largest studies to date, report no elevated risk among men with vasectomy. These studies offer the most convincing evidence that vasectomy is not likely to induce or accelerate
testicular tumors. In summary, testicular cancer rates are not increased among men with vasectomy."1 |
Urolithiasis (kidney stones) |
This is mentioned by both Harvard Medical school9 and the RCOG7. The apparent increase in incidence rate is very low. Harvard suggest that men simply drink plenty of fluids, (should do anyway) and RCOG says whilst there are some studies that indicate an increased incidence "there are no recognised risk factors for urolithiasis that can be attributed to vasectomy." |
Vasitis nodosa (chronic inflammation of the vas deferens) |
See sperm granuloma. According to Christiansen & Sandlow2 this is the first sign in developing a sperm granuloma. The same study also warns that "however, they have been demonstrated in men with primary infertility". |